HCOOCH CH2 H2O, commonly referred to as ethylene glycol monoformate (2-hydroxyethyl formate), is an organic compound with unique chemical properties. As an ester derived from formic acid and ethylene glycol, this compound has applications in industrial chemistry, solvents, and pharmaceuticals. This article explores its chemical structure, synthesis, physical and chemical properties, and real-world applications.
Understanding HCOOCH CH2 H2O
Chemical Structure and Formula
The molecular formula of ethylene glycol monoformate is HCOOCH2CH2OH. It consists of a formate ester (-HCOO) linked to an ethylene glycol unit (-CH2CH2OH), making it a bifunctional molecule with both ester and hydroxyl groups. This composition provides unique reactivity, solubility, and stability under various conditions.
IUPAC Name and Alternative Names
- IUPAC Name: 2-Hydroxyethyl formate
- Alternative Names: Ethylene glycol monoformate, 2-HEF
Synthesis of HCOOCH CH2 H2O
Ethylene glycol monoformate is synthesized through direct esterification of formic acid (HCOOH) and ethylene glycol (HOCH2CH2OH). This reaction typically employs acid catalysts such as sulfuric acid or p-toluenesulfonic acid to enhance efficiency and yield.
Reaction Mechanism
HCOOH + HOCH2CH2OH → HCOOCH2CH2OH + H2O
This process is conducted under controlled conditions to prevent side reactions and ensure high product purity.
Physical and Chemical Properties
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight | ~90.08 g/mol |
| Boiling Point | ~180°C |
| Density | ~1.1 g/cm³ |
| Solubility | Miscible with water and organic solvents |
| pH | Slightly acidic due to formate presence |
These properties make it an ideal candidate for industrial formulations and chemical reactions.
Industrial Applications of HCOOCH CH2 H2O
1. Solvent in Chemical Synthesis
HCOOCH CH2 H2O acts as a solvent for organic reactions, especially in pharmaceutical and polymer industries.
2. Intermediate in Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
Its ester-hydroxyl functionality makes it useful in the synthesis of pharmaceutical intermediates.
3. Usage in Coatings and Adhesives
The chemical’s solubility and reactivity allow it to be used in specialized coatings, adhesives, and surface treatment applications.
4. Role in Agrochemical Formulations
It serves as a processing aid in the production of pesticides and fertilizers, improving formulation stability.
Safety and Handling
- Storage: Should be stored in airtight containers away from heat and moisture.
- Handling Precautions: Protective gear (gloves, goggles) is recommended due to possible skin and eye irritation.
- Toxicity: Considered low-to-moderate toxicity; avoid inhalation and direct contact.
Conclusion
HCOOCH CH2 H2O (ethylene glycol monoformate) is a versatile chemical with broad applications in pharmaceuticals, solvents, and industrial formulations. Its unique properties make it valuable across multiple industries, reinforcing its significance in organic chemistry and material sciences.